維基學院:研究範圍

維基學院計劃的提案，包含了維基學院計劃中，對於研究所扮演的角色。許多學術研究活動的類型，自然會產出尚未存在於之前出版來源存在的新知識。為了鼓勵與管理這類研究，如何讓這些研究活動滿足維基學院所設立的研究指引，成為了一種挑戰與潛在的問題。維基學院的參與者進行了廣泛的學術研究活動，以支持維基學院的教育使命。然而，並不是所有類型的研究適合維基學院。本頁面提供各種適用於維基學院研究活動種類的例子，並列出不能接受的研究類型。

次級研究[編輯原始碼]

針對已存在的知識進行學術評價（次級研究、文獻探討）是許多維基學院教育活動的一個組成部分。維基學院促進與孕育基於維基學院參與者學習目標的探索，而發起的所有這些二次研究，即使這會產生「新穎的論述與詮釋」。

維基學院要求所有維基學院參與者必須要列明可靠與可查證的來源（例子）。次級研究是維基學院編輯者的基礎技巧。部分文獻探討會無縫融合成持續性教育導向的研究計劃，更進一步就會產生新的原創研究成果（例子）。

原創研究[編輯原始碼]

數種原創研究計劃類型，已經在英語維基學院開始進行。部分計劃轉向維基內部，探索維基為基礎的學習社群動態。如今，許多大型公開資料庫已經上線。部分維基學院研究計劃鼓勵維基學院參與者探索線上資料庫，並藉由蒐集從其他資料庫蒐集而來的資料進行研究。其他計劃則號召維基學院參與者收集新的資料。

以下是被認為是維基學院研究範圍，且已經開始進行的原創研究例子。（請添加其他非英語維基學院的例子。）

維基上的研究[編輯原始碼]

Some original research activities are directed towards introspective analysis of how wikis can be used as a tool to support learning. Examples:

Developing Wikiversity through action research in its largest sense, the question this project will address is "Why Wikiversity?" In other words: why does Wikiversity exist, and what does its existence mean for the world of education, and for you and me? Wikiversity is a repository of learning materials, a resource for self-study, a space for collaboration, a space in which to learn collaboratively, a space to explore about learning, a space to learn about teaching, etc. So, how does Wikiversity do all this - "how" in the sense of "by what means" - and, crucially, "by what values"..

Learning to learn a wiki way - Using wikis as tools for learning is a new and evolving social practice. If Wikiversity is to succeed, we need to learn how to make the best use of wikis for learning. This project aims to be an exemplar of how a wiki can be used for learning and to refine, develop and expand on the social practice of using wikis for learning.

使用公開資料庫的研究[編輯原始碼]

The Observational astronomy learning project has activities for participants that guide them through the same process that an astronomer uses to analyze data. Participants in the Extrasolar planet project explore telescope data to find planets orbiting distant stars. The goal is to create a learning group where participants can compare notes and document the search process and to create an extended learning activity about exoplanets. No prior experience is needed; participants get step by step instructions on how to get started.

使用從維基參與者收集的資料進行的研究[編輯原始碼]

Participants in the Bloom Clock track and report the bloom times of wildflowers and other plants. Bloom clocks are kept by gardeners, ecologists, and others who record the time of year different plants are in bloom. This project attempts to reduce the effects of anomalous data in an attempt to generate maps of geographical "zones" that can eventually be used when describing a plant's expected bloom time in a particular region.

不能接受的研究[編輯原始碼]

原創研究五花八門，並非所有研究都符合維基學院的使命與 format。下面這些研究的例子就違反了維基學院的使命：（中文維基學院尚未就此達成共識）

研究對特定產品、服務、活動、人員或其它事物的偏好，其目的違背了維基學院的教育使命的。但對於一些研究選擇的關聯或區別的研究也許可以接受。例如：
- 一項研究，主題為人們對汽車品牌和機型的選擇與其性別與種族的關聯性，研究中試圖包含所有可能的品牌，且研究出的模型可供所有維基學院的訪問者使用的。
違反維基媒體基金會政策，如私隱政策的研究。
威脅或損害了維基媒體基金會及其各項目的聲譽或公眾形象的研究。
違反法律或道德的研究。
Research that would normally be formally reviewed by an Institutional Review Board. (Exceptions: If a research project that includes research activities conducted within a Wikiversity website was first reviewed and approved by an existing IRB of an accredited research institution, and if the project was openly conducted according to the IRB-approved protocol, then it is likely acceptable for inclusion within Wikiversity.)

處理研究的程序[編輯原始碼]

It is up to individual Wikiversity projects to decide the exact nature of their research policies - to define what research is (and what particular types of research are), and what is appropriate for that project. In particular, smaller Wikiversity projects may not feel adequately equipped (with policies and/or people) to deal with research. Therefore, each Wikiversity project must specify (before setup, or as soon thereafter as possible):

What kind(s) of research it allows, and disallows
Local processes for dealing with research

These can be copies or slight modifications of the policies on Beta, or of any parts of these policies. Below are a number of guidelines that each project must consider - at a minimum - in order to clarify the inclusion of research in that project. More detailed guidelines dealing with research can be found at Research Guidelines.

審查[編輯原始碼]

In order to allow original research in a Wikiversity project, there must be a system of (peer) review in place. This is essentially a community-led process of flagging, discussing, modifying, and, where appropriate, deleting - see guidelines for details. In cases of significant or technical debate, a review board may be required.

標籤[編輯原始碼]

Research of any kind must be tagged as "research" (eg., by adding it to a category like Category:Research). Material that appears to constitute research, and that is not appropriately tagged, may be removed from the site.

出版[編輯原始碼]

Research added to Wikiversity is not automatically "published" (in the traditional sense), and cannot be added as a source for other texts in Wikimedia projects (Wikipedia, Wikibooks, etc.) without the appropriate peer review process.

維基學院在支持研究當中的角色[編輯原始碼]

維基學院的研究旨在補充現有的傳統研究方法。
維基學院為項目研究的新方法提供了一個實驗平台。
維基學院探索促進學習及促進維基媒體基金會目標的研究活動。

適當的貢獻[編輯原始碼]

Research that is done on Wikiversity must be properly attributed to the participating researchers. Authorship must be clearly stated. At the English language Wikiversity it has been proposed that all editors working outside of the confines of a neutral point of view (NPOV) policy have a registered username and maintain a verified email address.

限制[編輯原始碼]

Research projects should recognize the limitations of using a Wiki, and should elaborate on how the resources offered on Wikiversity are being used. A research project should address the extent to which Wikiversity is being used as a mechanism for:

Sharing content
Communication
...

參見[編輯原始碼]

Research policies
- Wikiversity:研究指引
- Wikiversity:研究範圍 - past multi-lingual discussions.
- Wikiversity:審查委員會 - formal peer review for Wikiversity
Research-related pages
- Wikiversity:研究 - Source documents concerning research within Wikiversity
- Wikiversity:原創研究 - unpublished research into a topic using literature review and/or methods in addition to literature review
- Wikiversity:二手研究 - research into a topic using the method of literature review